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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level during midlife strongly predicted future development of aggressive prostate cancer among black men. Targeted screening based on a midlife PSA might identify men at high risk while minimizing screening in those men at low risk.¹ Men...
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In 2023, nearly all initial prostate cancer screening are a prostate specific antigen test, even though we know free PSA levels double the prognostic abilities of prostate cancer screening for patients in diagnostic grey zone. In the United States, 85%...
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
The BioSpy story started when a white American asked a black Jamaican doctor one question: "What would you use as the cut-off for a healthy PSA level in a 45 year old person of African descent who presented for prostate...
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